Close-up views:

| Last updated: February 2025 |

According to the Plants of the World Online website, the accepted botanical name for this plant is Scleromitrion diffusum, with both Oldenlandia diffusa and Hedyotis diffusa considered synonyms. The 2019 Flora of Singapore publication on Rubiaceae indicates the accepted name as Hedyotis diffusa. This publication contains pictures on page 120 that resemble the images above.

A 2021 publication [1] indicates that when the botanical name Hedyotis diffusa was first introduced in 1798, the author did not provide a clear description of the flower arrangement (i.e., whether it referred to "a solitary flower or an inflorescence"). Consequently, various interpretations emerged over the years, leading to confusion regarding the correct classification of the plant. The plant was reassigned to the genus Scleromitrion in 2013 [2], a system later adopted by a 2017 publication in Taiwan [3].

Fig. 1: Article count by year from PubMed search done on 9 February 2025

A search conducted on the PubMed website on 9 February 2025 yielded 8 publications mentioning Scleromitrion diffusum. In contrast, Hedyotis diffusa and Oldenlandia diffusa were mentioned in 224 and 89 publications respectively, with the first mentions of these names in a publication occurring in 1979 and 1964, respectively (Fig. 1). It appears that the adoption of the accepted name Scleromitrion diffusum remains relatively uncommon among researchers to this day. The articles that include any of these three botanical names in their title are listed below.

On the iNaturalist website viewed on 9 February 2025, there were 10 observations of Scleromitrion diffusum from Singapore, with the earliest one dated in September 2018. Both Oldenlandia diffusa and Hedyotis diffusa are considered synonyms on this website.

In NPark's Flora & Fauna Web viewed on 9 February 2025, pictures of a slightly different-looking Hedyotis diffusa were displayed. It had flower stalks (pedicels) that were very short or almost non-existent. According to the Flora of China website, the flower stalk of Oldenlandia diffusa is 4-20 millimetres long. Those pictures appeared more like Scleromitrion brachypodum or possibly another species.

My Nature Notes related to this plant: 18 October 2020

Reference:

[1] Siu TY, Yik MHY, Boufford DE, Shaw PC, Lau DTW. (2813) Proposal to conserve the name Hedyotis diffusa (Oldenlandia diffusa, Scleromitrion diffusum) (Rubiaceae) with a conserved type. TAXON 2021;70(2):443-444. | Read article |

[2] Guo X, Wang RJ, Simmons MP, But PPH, Yu J. 2013. Phylogeny of the Asian Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae): Evidence for high levels of polyphyly and the parallel evolution of diplophragmous capsules. Molec Phylogen Evol 2013;67(1):110-122. | Read abstract |

[3] Hsu TC, Chen ZH. Scleromitrion sirayanum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new species of the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex in Taiwan. Taiwania 2017;62(2):151-156. | Read article |

| Plants of the World Online | iNaturalist | Flora of China | Flower of India | Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) |

[2025] Bai K, Long Y, Yuan F, Huang X, Liu P, Hou Y, Zou X, Jiang T, Sun J. Hedyotis diffusa injection modulates the ferroptosis in bladder cancer via CAV1/JUN/VEGFA. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Feb 6;147:113925. | Read abstract |

[2025] Xu M, Chen L, Wu J, Liu L, Shi M, Zhou H, Zhang G. Mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa-Scutellaria barbata D. Don for treatment of primary liver cancer: analysis with network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro validation. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2025;45(1):80-89. | Read article |

[2025] Zheng Q, Jin X, Nguyen TTM, Yi EJ, Park SJ, Yi GS, Yang SJ, Yi TH. Autophagy-enhancing properties of Hedyotis diffusa extracts in HaCaT keratinocytes: potential as an anti-photoaging cosmetic ingredient. Molecules 2025;30(2):261. | Read article |

[2024] Bai Y, Yang M, Mei Y, Chen X, Wu X, Zhang J. The populations of two differently medicine-used plants of Hedyotis diffusa and Hedyotis corymbosa shoot-assembling rich bacterial and fungal communities with varied compositions but conserved structures. Curr Microbiol 2024;81(7):192. | Read abstract |

[2024] Chen DH, Mao PJ, Diao WJ, Li Q. Toxicity study of compound granules of Hedyotis diffusa: Acute toxicity and long-term toxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2024;321:117434. | Read article |

[2024] Chen J, Rao J, Lu H, Lu M, Wang C, Cao Y. Network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the effect of Hedyotis diffusa on Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024;103(6):e14558. | Read abstract |

[2024] Gao HH, Qin LF, Zhang X, Yuan X, Feng ZM, Jiang JS, Zhang PC, Yang YN. Six new iridoid glycosides from the whole plants of Hedyotis diffusa. J Asian Nat Prod Res;26(1):112-119. | Read abstract |

[2024] Gao Y, Xu D, Hu Z. Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Oldenlandia diffusa. DNA Res 2024;31(3):dsae012. | Read article |

[2024] Hou C, Wen X, Yan S, Gu X, Jiang Y, Chen F, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Liu X. Network-based pharmacology-based research on the effect and mechanism of the Hedyotis diffusa-Scutellaria Barbata pair in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):963. | Read article |

[2024] Ho YL, Au TT, Wu HY, Wu KC, Chang YS. Comparative study of Scleromitrion diffusum and Oldenlandia corymbosa: Microscopy, TLC, HPLC, and antioxidant activity. Microsc Res Tech 2024;87(10):2371-2384. | Read abstract |

[2024] Huang S, Wu M, Deng M, Yang S, Wang X, Wang Z. Exploring the mechanism of Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) in treating lung cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Nat Prod Res 2024 Jun 17:1-5. | Read abstract |

[2024] Jiang J, Huang M, Zhang SS, Wu YG, Li XL, Deng H, Qili XY, Chen JL, Meng Y, Sun WK. Identification of Hedyotis diffusa Willd-specific mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network in rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):6291. | Read article |

[2024] Li Z, Li J, Liu X, Sun Z, Sun X. Ethyl acetate fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata inhibits the progression of breast cancer via targeting LMO1 and AKT/Mtor signaling pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024;27(12):1735-1744. | Read abstract |

[2024] Mo J, Xia K, Wu C. Hedyotis diffusa Willd inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress to protect against chronic prostatitis via the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2024;39(8):4221-4230. | Read abstract |

[2024] Ou L, Li M, Hou Y. Network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation to identify the role of Hedyotis diffusa willd against gastric cancer through the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress. Heliyon 2024;10(7):e28833. | Read article |

[2024] Pan Y, Ma T, Chen D, Wang Y, Peng Y, Lu T, Yin X, Li H, Zhang G, Wang X. Scutellaria barbata D.Don and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J.Wang inhibits the progression of triple negative breast cancer though the activation inhibition of NF-κB triggered by CAFs-derived IL6. J Ethnopharmacol 2024;335:118656. | Read abstract |

[2024] Qin LF, Gao HH, Zhang X, Yuan X, Feng ZM, Zhang PC, Jiang JS, Yang YN. Seventeen undescribed iridoid derivatives with anti-inflammatory effects from Hedyotis diffusa and their structure-activity relationships. Phytochemistry 2024 Jan;217:113904. | Read abstract |

[2024] Ren J, Mo Z, Huang Z, Li S. Hedyotis diffusa Willd and astragalus membranaceus may exert anti-colon cancer effects by affecting AKTI expression, as determined by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024 Apr 17. Epub ahead of print. | Read abstract |

[2024] Sui X, Gao B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Ma J, Wu X, Zhou C, Liu M, Zhang L. Scutellaria barbata D.Don and Hedyotis diffusa Willd herb pair combined with cisplatin synergistically inhibits ovarian cancer progression through modulating oxidative stress via NRF2-FTH1 autophagic degradation pathway. J Ovarian Res 2024;17(1):246. | Read article |

[2024] Tie S, Tong T, Zhan G, Li X, Ouyang D, Cao J. Network pharmacology prediction and experiment validation of anti-liver cancer activity of Curcumae Rhizoma and Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024;86(6):3337-3348. | Read article |

[2024] Wang S, Yin N, Li Y, Ma Z, Lin W, Zhang L, Cui Y, Xia J, Geng L. Molecular mechanism of the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by Hedyotis diffusa: an integrative study with real-world clinical data and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2024;15:1355531. | Read article |

[2024] Wang Z, Liu M, Li GX, Zhang L, Ding KY, Li SQ, Gao BQ, Chen P, Choe HC, Xia LY, Yang YT, Liu Y, Sui X, Ma JN, Zhang L. A herbal pair of Scutellaria barbata D. Don and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J. Wang induced ferroptosis in ovarian cancer A2780 cells via inducing heme catabolism and ferritinophagy. J Integr Med 2024;22(6):665-682. | Read abstract |

[2024] Ye C, Zhang B, Tang Z, Zheng C, Wang Q, Tong X. Synergistic action of Hedyotis diffusa Willd and Andrographis paniculata in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: downregulating AKT1 and upregulating VEGFA to curb tumorigenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024;132:111866. | Read abstract |

[2024] Ye W, Zhao Q, Li P, Zhou T. Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R. J. Wang inhibits gastric cancer via ERBB2/ERBB3/PI3K/AKT pathway. Turk J Gastroenterol 2024;35(11):831-838. | Read article |

[2024] Yuan X, Huang H, Yu C, Tang Z, Li Y. Network pharmacology and experimental verification study on the mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd in treating colorectal cancer. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024;397(9):6507-6521. | Read abstract |

[2024] Zhuang Y, Sun YG, Wang CG, Zhang Q, Che C, Shao F. Molecular targets and mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. for esophageal adenocarcinoma treatment based on network pharmacology and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Curr Drug Targets 2024;25(6):431-443. | Read abstract |

[2023] Bai Y, Chen R, Sun J, Guo Y. Evaluation of therapeutic mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW)‒ Scutellaria barbata (SB) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma via single-cell RNA sequencing and network pharmacology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024;27(6):910-921. | Read abstract |

[2023] Dai Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen Y, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Efficient strategies for preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa. J Sep Sci 2023;46(10):e2300029. | Read abstract |

[2023] Deng H, Jiang J, Zhang S, Wu L, Zhang Q, Sun W. Network pharmacology and experimental validation to identify the potential mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd against rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2023;13(1):1425. | Read article |

[2023] Han CH, Ma JY, Zou W, Qu JL, Du Y, Li N, Liu Y, Jin G, Leng AJ, Liu J. 3D microfluidic system for evaluating inhibitory effect of Chinese herbal medicine Oldenlandia diffusa on human malignant glioma invasion combined with network pharmacology analysis. Chin J Integr Med 2023;29(1):52-60. | Read abstract |

[2023] Lou C, Lin C, Wang W, Jiang H, Cai T, Lin S, Xue X, Lin J, Pan X. Extracts of Oldenlandia diffusa protects chondrocytes via inhibiting apoptosis and associated inflammatory response in osteoarthritis. J Ethnopharmacol 2023;316:116744. | Read abstract |

[2023] Lv Y, Wang Y. Chemical constituents from Oldenlandia diffusa and their cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2023;37(3):397-403. | Read abstract |

[2023] Seo G, Kim K. Exploring the mechanism of action of Hedyotis diffusa Willd on acne using network analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023;102(12):e33323. | Read article |

[2023] Wu H, Zhang L, Wang C, Li F, Qi L, Xiao L, Zhang M, Zhang H, Zhang G, Qin Y. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification on antiangiogenesis mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd in liver cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023;2023:1416841. | Read article |

[2023] Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T, Yan Z, Zhu D, Lin H, Iqbal M, Deng D, Kulyar MF, Shen Y. Hedyotis diffusa alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury in ducks by mediating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023;249:114339. | Read article |

[2023] Xiang J, Li Z, Liu Q. Exploring inhibitory components of Hedyotis diffusa on androgen receptor through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023;102(52):e36637. | Read article |

[2023] Zhu D, Yuan S, Chen C. Hedyotis diffusa-Sculellaria barbata (HD-SB) suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer cells via the hsa_circ_0039933/hsa-miR-204-5p/wnt11 axis. Sci Rep 2023;13(1):13331. | Read article |

[2022] Chen H, Shang X, Yuan H, Niu Q, Chen J, Luo S, Li W, Li X. Total flavonoids of Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:1019670. | Read article |

[2022] Cheng YY, Tuzo ET, Dalley JW, Tsai TH. Dose-dependent effects of Hedyotis diffusa extract on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and N-desmethyltamoxifen. Biomed Pharmacother 2022;145:112466. | Read article |

[2022] Dai Y, Jiang D, Wang X, Wu D, Dong W, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Rapid fingerprint analysis based on supercritical fluid chromatography for quality evaluation of Hedyotis diffusa. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022;218:114864. | Read abstract |

[2022] Huang F, Pang J, Xu L, Niu W, Zhang Y, Li S, Li X. Hedyotis diffusa injection induces ferroptosis via the Bax/Bcl2/VDAC2/3 axis in lung adenocarcinoma. Phytomedicine 2022;104:154319. | Read article |

[2022] Hung HY, Cheng KC, Kuo PC, Chen IT, Li YC, Hwang TL, Lam SH, Wu TS. Chemical constituents of Hedyotis diffusa and their anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022;11(2):335. | Read article |

[2022] Li J, Liu D, Li D, Guo Y, Du H, Cao Y. Phytochemical composition and anti-aging activity of butanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa in caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Biodivers 2022;19(2):e202100685. | Read abstract |

[2022] Li J, Yang G, Shi W, Fang X, Han L, Cao Y. Anti-Alzheimer's disease active components screened out and identified from Hedyotis diffusa combining bioaffinity ultrafiltration LC-MS with acetylcholinesterase. J Ethnopharmacol 2022;296:115460. | Read abstract |

[2022] Ling JY, Wang QL, Liang HN, Liu QB, Yin DH, Lin L. Flavonoid-rich extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. inhibits gastric cancer by activation of caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. Chin J Integr Med 2022 Aug 31. | Read abstract |

[2022] Li Y, Ding T, Chen J, Ji J, Wang W, Ding B, Ge W, Fan Y, Xu L. The protective capability of Hedyotis diffusa Willd on lupus nephritis by attenuating the IL-17 expression in MRL/lpr mice. Front Immunol. 2022;13:943827. | Read article |

[2022] Mao ZQ, Minakawa N, Moi ML. Novel antiviral efficacy of Hedyotis diffusa and Artemisia capillaris extracts against dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and zika virus infection and immunoregulatory cytokine signatures. Plants (Basel) 2022;11(19):2589. | Read article |

[2022] Ning W, Xu N, Zhou C, Zou L, Quan J, Yang H, Lu Z, Cao H, Liu J. Ethyl acetate fraction of Hedyotis diffusa Willd induces apoptosis via JNK/Nur77 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022;2022:1932777. | Read article |

[2022] Wang X, Zhao J, Zhang R, Liu X, Ma C, Cao G, Wei Y, Yang P. Protective effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. ethanol extract on isoniazid-induced liver injury in the zebrafish model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022;16:1995-2015. | Read article |

[2022] Wu J, Ye ZJ, Yu LJ, Chen XQ. Two new iridoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022:1-9. | Read abstract |

[2022] Wu K, Wu X, Liang Y, Wang T, Wu D, Li L, Wang Z. Inhibitory effects of total triterpenoids isolated from the Hedyotis diffusa willd on H1975 cells. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:922477. | Read article |

[2022] Wu Z, Yin B, You F. Molecular mechanism of anti-colorectal cancer effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd and its extracts. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:820474. | Read article |

[2022] Xiao Q, Deng B, Akbari A, Liu Q, Zhu B. The ketogenic diet could improve the efficacy of curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract in the treatment of gastric cancer by increasing miR340 expression and apoptosis mediated by autophagy, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. J Food Biochem 2022;46(12):e14407. | Read abstract |

[2022] Xu L, Li Y, Ji J, Lai Y, Chen J, Ding T, Li H, Ding B, Ge W. The anti-inflammatory effects of Hedyotis diffusa Willd on SLE with STAT3 as a key target. J Ethnopharmacol 2022;298:115597. | Read article |

[2022] Yang Z, Lu S, Tang H, Qu J, Wang B, Wang Y, Pan G, Rao B. Molecular targets and mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa-Scutellaria barbata herb pair for the treatment of colorectal cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022;2022:6186662. | Read article |

[2022] Zhang J, Huo J, Zhao Z, Lu Y, Hong Z, Li H, Chen D. An anticomplement homogeneous polysaccharide from Hedyotis diffusa attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Phytomedicine 2022;107:154453. | Read abstract |

[2022] Zhang Y, Hu H, Luo J. Diffusosides C and D, two new iridoid glucosides from Oldenlandia diffusa. Nat Prod Res 2022;36(9):2300-2305. | Read abstract |

[2022] Zhu H, Xiong XG, Lu Y, Wu HC, Zhang ZH, Sun MJ. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of Oldenlandia diffusa on arthritis model rats: a quantitative proteomic and network pharmacologic study. Ann Transl Med 2022;10(20):1098. | Read article |

[2021] DanQing L, YuJie G, ChengPeng Z, HongZhi D, Yi H, BiSheng H, Yan C. N-butanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa protects transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans from Aβ-induced toxicity. Phytother Res 2021;35(2):1048-1061. | Read abstract |

[2021] Huang L, Xu H, Wu T, Li G. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulating AKT/mTOR pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:5210152. | Read article |

[2021] Lv YX, Pan HR, Song XY, Chang QQ, Zhang DD. Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata suppress the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer via NLRP3/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:6666499. | Read article |

[2021] Qian K, Fu D, Jiang B, Wang Y, Tian F, Song L, Li L. Mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa in the treatment of cervical cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021;12:808144. | Read article |

[2021] Shi F, Tong C, He C, Shi S, Cao Y, Wei Q. Diagnostic ion filtering targeted screening and isolation of anti-inflammatory iridoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa. J Sep Sci 2021;44(13):2612-2619. | Read abstract |

[2021] Ting CT, Cheng YY, Tsai TH. Preclinical pharmacokinetic interaction and histopathological analyses of Hedyotis diffusa on sorafenib in rats. ACS Omega 2021;6(4):3060-3067. | Read article |

[2021] Wazir J, Ullah R, Khongorzul P, Hossain MA, Khan MW, Aktar N, Cui X, Zhou X. The effectiveness of Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Andrologia 2021;53(1):e13913. | Read abstract |

[2021] Xu X, Chen F, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li W. Exploring the mechanisms of anti-ovarian cancer of Hedyotis diffusa Willd and Scutellaria barbata D. Don through focal adhesion pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;279:114343. | Read abstract |

[2021] Yang PW, Chen TT, Zhao WX, Liu GW, Feng XJ, Wang SM, Pan YC, Wang Q, Zhang SH. Scutellaria barbata D.Don and Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb crude extracts inhibit hepatitis-B-virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma growth through regulating circRNA expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;275:114110. | Read abstract |

[2021] Yik MH, Kong BL, Siu TY, Lau DT, Cao H, Shaw PC. Differentiation of Hedyotis diffusa and common adulterants based on chloroplast genome sequencing and DNA barcoding markers. Plants (Basel) 2021;10(1):161. | Read article |

[2021] Zhang R, Ma C, Wei Y, Wang X, Jia J, Li J, Li K, Cao G, Yang P. Isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021;183:119-131. | Read abstract |

[2021] Zhao L, Deng J, Xu ZJ, Zhang WP, Khalil MM, Karrow NA, Sun LH. Mitigation of aflatoxin B1 hepatoxicity by dietary Hedyotis diffusa is associated with activation of NRF2/ARE aignaling in chicks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021;10(6):878. | Read article |

[2021] Zou W, Dong Y, Yang S, Gong L, Zhang Y, Shi B, La L, Tang L, Liu M. Imperatae rhizoma-Hedyotis diffusa Willd. herbal pair alleviates nephrotic syndrome by integrating anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic effects. Phytomedicine 2021;90:153644. | Read abstract |

[2020] Chen X, Zhao B, Zhang M, Dong M, Li Y, Li Q. Application of HPLC-Q/orbitrap MS in the detection and identification of anticancer constituents in ethyl acetate components from Hedyotis diffusa. Anal Methods 2020;12(32):4037-4047. | Read abstract |

[2020] Fang T, Yan YX, Yang Y, Lv YX, Chang QQ, Zhang DD. Ethyl acetate fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata suppresses migration of bone-metastatic breast cancer cells via OPN-FAK/ERK/NF-κB axis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020;2020:3573240. | Read article |

[2020] Han X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang L, Yu S. Antitumor potential of Hedyotis diffusa Willd: A systematic review of bioactive constituents and underlying molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020;130:110735. | Read article |

[2020] Huo J, Lu Y, Jiao Y, Chen D. Structural characterization and anticomplement activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Hedyotis diffusa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020;155:1553-1560. | Read abstract |

[2020] Li YL, Chen X, Niu SQ, Zhou HY, Li QS. Protective antioxidant effects of amentoflavone and total flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa on H2 O2 -induced HL-O2 cells through ASK1/p38 MAPK pathway. Chem Biodivers 2020;17(7):e2000251. | Read abstract |

[2020] Lu L, Zhan S, Liu X, Zhao X, Lin X, Xu H. Antitumor Effects and the Compatibility mechanisms of herb pair Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R. J. Wang-Sculellaria barbata D. Don. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:292. | Read article |

[2020] Ma TT, Zhang GL, Dai CF, Zhang BR, Cao KX, Wang CG, Yang GW, Wang XM. Scutellaria barbata and Hedyotis diffusa herb pair for breast cancer treatment: Potential mechanism based on network pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2020;259:112929. | Read abstract |

[2020] Park JH, Whang WK. Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-alzheimer active components from the aerial parts of Hedyotis diffusa and simultaneous analysis for marker compounds. Molecules 2020;25(24):5867. | Read article |

[2020] Yang Y, Fang T, Cao YL, Lv YX, Chang QQ, Zhang DD. Ethyl acetate fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata exerts anti-breast cancer effect via miR-200c-PDE7B/PD-L1-AKT/MAPK axis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020;2020:3587095. | Read article |

[2019] Hu CJ, He J, Li GZ, Fang PP, Xie JD, Ding YW, Mao YQ, Hu KF. Analyzing Hedyotis diffusa mechanisms of action from the genomics perspective. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2019;174:1-8. | Read abstract |

[2019] Li H, Lai Z, Yang H, Peng J, Chen Y, Lin J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. inhibits VEGF‑C‑mediated lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2019;42(3):1225-1236. | Read abstract |

[2019] Lin L, Cheng K, Xie Z, Chen C, Chen L, Huang Y, Liang Z. Purification and characterization a polysaccharide from Hedyotis diffusa and its apoptosis inducing activity toward human lung cancer cell line A549. Int J Biol Macromol 2019;122:64-71. | Read abstract |

[2019] Lin L, Cheng K, He Z, Lin Q, Huang Y, Chen C, Xie Z, Chen L, Liang Z. A polysaccharide from Hedyotis diffusa interrupts metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by inhibiting EMT via EGFR/Akt/ERK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019;129:706-714. | Read abstract |

[2019] Ma C, Wei Y, Liu Q, Xin Y, Cao G, Wang X, Yang P. Polysaccharides from Hedyotis diffusa enhance the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;117:109167. | Read article |

[2019] Song Y, Wang H, Pan Y, Liu T. Investigating the multi-target pharmacological mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd acting on prostate cancer: A network pharmacology approach. Biomolecules 2019;9(10):591. | Read article |

[2019] Su X, Li Y, Jiang M, Zhu J, Zheng C, Chen X, Zhou J, Li Y, Xiao W, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology uncover the mechanism of anti-non-small cell lung cancer for Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;109:969-984. | Read article |

[2019] Yang B, Wang N, Wang S, Li X, Zheng Y, Li M, Song J, Zhang F, Mei W, Lin Y, Wang Z. Network-pharmacology-based identification of caveolin-1 as a key target of Oldenlandia diffusa to suppress breast cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;112:108607. | Read article |

[2018] Chen X, Zhu P, Liu B, Wei L, Xu Y. Simultaneous determination of fourteen compounds of Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract in rats by UHPLC-MS/MS method: Application to pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018;159:490-512. | Read abstract |

[2018] Lee JE, Song HS, Park MN, Kim SH, Shim BS, Kim B. Lee, J.E. et al. Ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa herba attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice via activation of BDNF, P-CREB and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19(4):996. | Read article |

[2018] Lee JE, Song HS, Park MN, Kim SH, Shim BS, Kim B. Ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa herba attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice via activation of BDNF, P-CREB and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19(2):363. | Read article |

[2018] Lin Y, Wei Y, Hu X, Wu M, Ying X, Ding M. Influences of Oldenlandia diffusa on the CYP450 activities in rats Using a cocktail method by UHPLC-MS/MS. Biochem Res Int 2018;2018:1467143. | Read article |

[2018] Liu R, Wang P, Wu C, Chen J, Li C, Xie Y, Wang Q, Liu J, He H, Zhu J. Therapeutic effects of Hedyotis diffusa Willd in a COPD mouse model challenged with LPS and smoke. Exp Ther Med 2018;15(4):3385-3391. | Read article |

[2018] Liu X, Wu J, Zhang D, Wang K, Duan X, Meng Z, Zhang X. Network pharmacology-based approach to investigate the mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. in the treatment of gastric cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018;2018:7802639. | Read article |

[2018] Liu X, Wu J, Zhang D, Wang K, Duan X, Zhang X. A network pharmacology approach to uncover the multiple mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. on colorectal cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018;2018:6517034. | Read article |

[2018] Tan J, Li L, Shi W, Sun D, Xu C, Miao Y, Fan H, Liu J, Cheng H, Wu M, Shen W. Protective effect of 2-hydroxymethyl anthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa Willd in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mediated by TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Inflammation 2018;41(6):2136-2148. | Read abstract |

[2018] Wang Y, Wang C, Lin H, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li P, Liu J. Discovery of the potential biomarkers for discrimination between Hedyotis diffusa and Hedyotis corymbosa by UPLC-QTOF/MS metabolome analysis. Molecules 2018;23(7):1525. | Read article |

[2018] Wang Z, Gao K, Xu C, Gao J, Yan Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen J. Metabolic effects of Hedyotis diffusa on rats bearing Walker 256 tumor revealed by NMR-based metabolomics. Magn Reson Chem 2018;56(1):5-17. | Read abstract |

[2018] Xu Y, Chen XX, Jiang YX, Zhang DD. Ethyl acetate fraction from Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating miR-155 expression and JNK signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:3593408. | Read article |

[2018] Yang W, He S, Xiao N, Qiao Y, Sui H, Liang L, Chen J, Li W, Zhang L. Simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata-Hedyotis diffusa herb pair by HPLC Q-TOF MS. J AOAC Int 2018;102(1):75-80. | Read article |

[2018] Zhu H, Liang QH, Xiong XG, Wang Y, Zhang ZH, Sun MJ, Lu X, Wu D. Anti-inflammatory effects of p-coumaric acid, a natural compound of Oldenlandia diffusa, on arthritis model rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018;2018:5198594. | Read article |

[2017] Chung TW, Choi H, Lee JM, Ha SH, Kwak CH, Abekura F, Park JY, Chang YC, Ha KT, Cho SH, Chang HW, Lee YC, Kim CH. Oldenlandia diffusa suppresses metastatic potential through inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression via p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2017;195:309-317. | Read abstract |

[2017] Dai M, Wang F, Zou Z, Xiao G, Chen H, Yang H. Metabolic regulations of a decoction of Hedyotis diffusa in acute liver injury of mouse models. Chin Med 2017;12:35. | Read article |

[2017] Feng J, Jin Y, Peng J, Wei L, Cai Q, Yan Z, Lai Z, Lin J. Hedyotis diffusa willd extract suppresses colorectal cancer growth through multiple cellular pathways. Oncol Lett 2017;14(6):8197-8205. | Read article |

[2017] Jiang J, Wang B, Li J, Ye B, Lin S, Qian W, Shan L, Efferth T. Total coumarins of Hedyotis diffusa induces apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome SKM-1 cells by activation of caspases and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. J Ethnopharmacol 2017;196:253-260. | Read abstract |

[2017] Ji S, Fattahi A, Raffel N, Hoffmann I, Beckmann MW, Dittrich R, Schrauder M. Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of four plants with therapeutic potential on gynecological diseases; Semen persicae, Leonurus cardiaca, Hedyotis diffusa, and Curcuma zedoaria. Eur J Med Res 2017;22(1):50. | Read article |

[2017] Kuo YJ, Liu YJ, Way TD, Chiang SY, Lin JG, Chung JG. Synergistic inhibition of leukemia WEHI-3 cell growth by arsenic trioxide and Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2017;13(6):3388-3396. | Read article |

[2017] Lai Z, Yan Z, Chen W, Peng J, Feng J, Li Q, Jin Y, Lin J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd suppresses metastasis in 5‑fluorouracil‑resistant colorectal cancer cells by regulating the TGF‑β signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017;16(5):7752-7758. | Read abstract |

[2017] Li Q, Lai Z, Yan Z, Peng J, Jin Y, Wei L, Lin J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of 5‑FU resistant colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018;17(1):358-365. | Read abstract |

[2017] Wang C, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wei D, Deng C, Xu X, Xin P, Sun S. The antitumor constituents from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Molecules 2017;22(12):2101. | Read article |

[2017] Wu C, Luo H, Ma W, Ren X, Lu C, Li N, Wang Z. Polysaccharides isolated from Hedyotis diffusa inhibits the aggressive phenotypes of laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells via inhibition of Bcl-2, MMP-2, and μPA. Gene 2017;637:124-129. | Read abstract |

[2017] Wang C, Xin P, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wei D, Deng C, Sun S. Iridoids and sfingolipids from Hedyotis diffusa. Fitoterapia 2018;124:152-159. | Read abstract |

[2017] Yan Z, Feng J, Peng J, Lai Z, Zhang L, Jin Y, Yang H, Chen W, Lin J. Chloroform extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd inhibits viability of human colorectal cancer cells via suppression of AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2017;14(6):7923-7930. | Read article |

[2016] Chen R, He J, Tong X, Tang L, Liu M. The Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Rubiaceae): A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2016;21(6):710. | Read article |

[2016] Chen Y, Lin Y, Li Y, Li C. Total flavonoids of Hedyotis diffusa Willd inhibit inflammatory responses in LPS-activated macrophages via suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2016;11(3):1116-1122. | Read article |

[2016] Gao X, Li C, Tang YL, Zhang H, Chan SW. Effect of Hedyotis diffusa water extract on protecting human hepatocyte cells (LO2) from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Pharm Biol 2016;54(7):1148-1155. | Read abstract |

[2016] Lee S, Shim JH, Gim H, Park HS, Kim BJ. Ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa - an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of colorectal cancer in humans: -anti-cancer effects of Oldenlandia diffusa. J Pharmacopuncture 2016;19(1):51-58. | Read article |

[2016] Li YL, Zhang J, Min D, Hongyan Z, Lin N, Li QS. Anticancer effects of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone and the ethyl acetate fraction of Hedyotis diffusa Willd against HepG2 carcinoma cells mediated via apoptosis. PLoS One 2016;11(4):e0151502. | Read article |

[2016] Lu PH, Chen MB, Ji C, Li WT, Wei MX, Wu MH. Aqueous Oldenlandia diffusa extracts inhibits colorectal cancer cells via activating AMP-activated protein kinase signalings. Oncotarget 2016;7(29):45889-45900. | Read article |

[2016] Pan LT, Sheung Y, Guo WP, Rong ZB, Cai ZM. Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata induce bladder cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting Akt signaling pathway through downregulating miR-155 expression. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016;2016:9174903. | Read article |

[2016] Pu F, Chen F, Lin S, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wang B, Shao Z. The synergistic anticancer effect of cisplatin combined with Oldenlandia diffusa in osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line in vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2016;9:255-263. | Read article |

[2016] Sun G, Wei L, Feng J, Lin J, Peng J. Inhibitory effects of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. on colorectal cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2016;11(6):3875-3881. | Read article |

[2016] Wajima T, Anzai Y, Yamada T, Ikoshi H, Noguchi N. Oldenlandia diffusa extract inhibits biofilm formation by Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. PLoS One 2016;11(11):e0167335. | Read article |

[2016] Zhang L, Zhang J, Qi B, Jiang G, Liu J, Zhang P, Ma Y, Li W. The anti-tumor effect and bioactive phytochemicals of Hedyotis diffusa willd on ovarian cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;192:132-139. | Read abstract |

[2015] Hu E, Wang D, Chen J, Tao X. Novel cyclotides from Hedyotis diffusa induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(3):4059-4065. | Read article |

[2015] Kuo YJ, Lin JP, Hsiao YT, Chou GL, Tsai YH, Chiang SY, Lin JG, Chung JG. Ethanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd affects immune responses in normal Balb/c mice in vivo. In Vivo 2015;29(4):453-60. | Read abstract |

[2015] Kuo YJ, Yang JS, Lu CC, Chiang SY, Lin JG, Chung JG. Ethanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa willd upregulates G0/G1 phase arrest and induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells by modulating caspase cascade signaling and altering associated genes expression was assayed by cDNA microarray. Environ Toxicol 2015;30(10):1162-1177. | Read abstract |

[2015] Li D, Schmitz OJ. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem diode array detector (DAD) and accurate mass QTOF-MS for the analysis of flavonoids and iridoid glycosides in Hedyotis diffusa. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015;407(1):231-240. | Read abstract |

[2015] Lin J, Li Q, Chen H, Lin H, Lai Z, Peng J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. extract suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis via IL-6-inducible STAT3 pathway inactivation in human colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2015;9(4):1962-1970. | Read article |

[2015] Li Q, Wang X, Shen A, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sferra TJ, Lin J, Peng J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd overcomes 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colorectal cancer HCT-8/5-FU cells by downregulating the expression of P-glycoprotein and ATP-binding casette subfamily G member 2. Exp Ther Med 2015;10(5):1845-1850. | Read article |

[2015] Sunwoo YY, Lee JH, Jung HY, Jung YJ, Park MS, Chung YA, Maeng LS, Han YM, Shin HS, Lee J, Park SI. Oldenlandia diffusa promotes antiproliferative and apoptotic Effects in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:501508. | Read article |

[2015] Wei MC, Yang YC, Hong SJ. Determination of oleanolic and ursolic acids in Hedyotis diffusa using hyphenated ultrasound-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and chromatography. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:450547. | Read article |

[2015] Ye JH, Liu MH, Zhang XL, He JY. Chemical profiles and protective effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd in lipopolysaccharide-induced renal inflammation mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16(11):27252-27269. | Read article |

[2015] Zhang P, Zhang B, Gu J, Hao L, Hu F, Han C. The study of the effect of Hedyotis diffusa on the proliferation and the apoptosis of the cervical tumor in nude mouse model. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015;72(3):783-789. | Read abstract |

[2014] Dong Q, Ling B, Gao B, Maley J, Sammynaiken R, Yang J. Hedyotis diffusa water extract diminished the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs against human breast cancer MCF7 cells. Nat Prod Commun 2014;9(5):699-700. | Read abstract |

[2014] Li C, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Zhang X, Xue X, Liang X. Effective 2D-RPLC/RPLC enrichment and separation of micro-components from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. and characterization by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014;99:35-44. | Read abstract |

[2014] Yeh YC, Chen HY, Yang SH, Lin YH, Chiu JH, Lin YH, Chen JL. Hedyotis diffusa combined with Scutellaria barbata are the core treatment of Chinese herbal medicine used for breast cancer patients: A population-based study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:202378. | Read article |

[2014] Zhang Y, Xie RF, Xiao QG, Li R, Shen XL, Zhu XG. Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract inhibits the growth of human glioblastoma cells by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis via AKT/ERK pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;158 Pt A:404-11. | Read abstract |

[2014] Zhu H, Liang QH, Xiong XG, Chen J, Wu D, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huang X. Anti-inflammatory effects of the bioactive compound ferulic acid contained in Oldenlandia diffusa on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:573801. | Read article |

[2013] Li M, Wong YL, Jiang LL, Wong KL, Wong YT, Lau CB, Shaw PC. Application of novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid authentication of the herbal tea ingredient Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Food Chem 2013;141(3):2522-5. | Read abstract |

[2013] Lin J, Wei L, Shen A, Cai Q, Xu W, Li H, Zhan Y, Hong Z, Peng J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract suppresses Sonic hedgehog signaling leading to the inhibition of colorectal cancer angiogenesis. Int J Oncol 2013;42(2):651-656. | Read abstract |

[2013] Niu Y, Meng QX. Chemical and preclinical studies on Hedyotis diffusa with anticancer potential. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2013;15(5):550-65. | Read abstract |

[2013] Wang N, Li DY, Niu HY, Zhang Y, He P, Wang JH. 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa Willd induces apoptosis in human leukemic U937 cells through modulation of MAPK pathways. Arch Pharm Res 2013;36(6):752-758. | Read abstract |

[2013] Yang YC, Wei MC, Chiu HF, Huang TC. Development and validation of a modified ultrasound-assisted extraction method and a HPLC method for the quantitative determination of two triterpenic acids in Hedyotis diffusa. Nat Prod Commun 2013;8(12):1683-1686. | Read abstract |

[2012] Cai Q, Lin J, Wei L, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhan Y, Zeng J, Xu W, Shen A, Hong Z, Peng J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd inhibits colorectal cancer growth in vivo via inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13(5):6117-6128. | Read article |

[2012] Chen XZ, Cao ZY, Chen TS, Zhang YQ, Liu ZZ, Su YT, Liao LM, Du J. Water extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd suppresses proliferation of human HepG2 cells and potentiates the anticancer efficacy of low-dose 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting the CDK2-E2F1 pathway. Oncol Rep 2012;28(2):742-748. | Read abstract |

[2012] Gu G, Barone I, Gelsomino L, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Statti G, Menichini F, Catalano S, Andò S. Oldenlandia diffusa extracts exert antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on human breast cancer cells through ERα/Sp1-mediated p53 activation. J Cell Physiol 2012;227(10):3363-3372. | Read abstract |

[2012] Lau CB, Cheng L, Cheng BW, Yue GG, Wong EC, Lau CP, Leung PC, Fung KP. Development of a simple chromatographic method for distinguishing between two easily confused species, Hedyotis diffusa and Hedyotis diffusa. Nat Prod Res 2012;26(15):1446-1450. | Read abstract |

[2012] Lin M, Lin J, Wei L, Xu W, Hong Z, Cai Q, Peng J, Zhu D. Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest. Exp Ther Med 2012;4(2):307-310. | Read article |

[2012] Li N, Liu C, Mi S, Wang N, Zheng X, Li Y, Huang X, He S, Chen H, Xu X. Simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, kaemperol and quercetin in rat plasma by LC-MS-MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study of Oldenlandia diffusa extract in rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2012;50(10):885-892. | Read abstract |

[2012] Liu EH, Zhou T, Li GB, Li J, Huang XN, Pan F, Gao N. Characterization and identification of iridoid glucosides, flavonoids and anthraquinones in Hedyotis diffusa by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012;35(2):263-272. | Read abstract |

[2012] Song YH, Jeong SJ, Kwon HY, Kim B, Kim SH, Yoo DY. Ursolic acid from Oldenlandia diffusa induces apoptosis via activation of caspases and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2012;35(7):1022-1028. | Read article |

[2012] Wang X, Cheng W, Yao X, Guo X. Qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents in Hedyotis diffusa by HPLC-TOF-MS. Nat Prod Res 2012;26(2):167-172. | Read abstract |

[2011] Kim SJ, Chung WS, Kim SS, Ko SG, Um JY. Antiinflammatory effect of Oldenlandia diffusa and its constituent, hentriacontane, through suppression of caspase-1 activation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phytother Res 2011;25(10):1537-1546. | Read abstract |

[2011] Kim SJ, Kim YG, Kim DS, Jeon YD, Kim MC, Kim HL, Kim SY, Jang HJ, Lee BC, Hong SH, Um JY. Oldenlandia diffusa ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis through inhibition of NF-κB activation. Am J Chin Med 2011;39(5):957-969. | Read abstract |

[2011] Lee HZ, Bau DT, Kuo CL, Tsai RY, Chen YC, Chang YH. Clarification of the phenotypic characteristics and anti-tumor activity of Hedyotis diffusa. Am J Chin Med 2011;39(1):201-213. | Read abstract |

[2011] Lin CC, Kuo CL, Lee MH, Hsu SC, Huang AC, Tang NY, Lin JP, Yang JS, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Extract of Hedyotis diffusa Willd influences murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo as well as promoting T- and B-cell proliferation in leukemic mice. In Vivo 2011;25(4):633-640. | Read abstract |

[2011] Lin J, Wei L, Xu W, Hong Z, Liu X, Peng J. Effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract on tumor angiogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2011;4(6):1283-1288. | Read abstract |

[2011] Wang JH, Shu LH, Yang LL, Zhang M, He P. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa WILLD induces apoptosis via alteration of Fas/FasL and activation of caspase-8 in human leukemic THP-1 cells. Arch Med Res 2011;42(7):577-83. | Read abstract |

[2011] Zhu T, Row KH. Preparation of amino-modified active carbon cartridges and their use in the extraction of quercetin from Oldenlandia diffusa. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011;56(4):713-720. | Read abstract |

[2010] Ganbold M, Barker J, Ma R, Jones L, Carew M. Cytotoxicity and bioavailability studies on a decoction of Oldenlandia diffusa and its fractions separated by HPLC. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;131(2):396-403. | Read abstract |

[2010] Lin J, Chen Y, Wei L, Chen X, Xu W, Hong Z, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrion-dependent pathway in human colon carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2010;37(5):1331-1338. | Read abstract |

[2010] Liu Z, Liu M, Liu M, Li J. Methylanthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa WILLD induces Ca(2+)-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010;24(1):142-147. | Read abstract |

[2010] Xu GH, Kim YH, Chi SW, Choo SJ, Ryoo IJ, Ahn JS, Yoo ID. Evaluation of human neutrophil elastase inhibitory effect of iridoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010;20(2):513-515. | Read abstract |

[2010] Zhang Y, Chen Y, Fan C, Ye W, Luo J. Two new iridoid glucosides from Hedyotis diffusa. Fitoterapia 2010;81(6):515-517. | Read abstract |

[2009] Wu PK, Chi Shing Tai W, Liang ZT, Zhao ZZ, Hsiao WL. Oleanolic acid isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa exhibits a unique growth inhibitory effect against ras-transformed fibroblasts. Life Sci 2009;85(3-4):113-121. | Read abstract |

[2008] Huang WH, Yu SH, Li YB, Jiang JQ. Four anthraquinones from Hedyotis diffusa. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2008;10(9-10):887-889. | Read abstract |

[2008] Kang XD, Li X, Zhao CC, Mao Y. Two new anthraquinones from Hedyotis diffusa W. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2008;10(1-2):193-197. | Read abstract |

[2008] Li C, Xue X, Zhou D, Zhang F, Xu Q, Ren L, Liang X. Analysis of iridoid glucosides in Hedyotis diffusa by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008;48(1):205-211. | Read abstract |

[2008] Shi Y, Wang CH, Gong XG. Apoptosis-inducing effects of two anthraquinones from Hedyotis diffusa WILLD. Biol Pharm Bull 2008;31(6):1075-1078. | Read article |

[2008] Yang T, Yang YH, Yang JY, Chen BM, Duan JP, Yu SY, Ouyang HT, Cheng JP, Chen YX. Fingerprint of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. by HPLC-MS. Phytochem Anal 2008;19(6):487-492. | Read abstract |

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[2007] Willimott S, Barker J, Jones LA, Opara EI. Apoptotic effect of Oldenlandia diffusa on the leukaemic cell line HL60 and human lymphocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;114(3):290-299. | Read abstract |

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[2006] Cui J, Wang SC, Shi SS, Wang ZT. Structural characterization of a glucan isolated from Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Zhong Yao Cai 2006;29(9):912-915. | Read abstract |

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[2006] Yadav SK, Lee SC. Evidence for Oldenlandia diffusa-evoked cancer cell apoptosis through superoxide burst and caspase activation. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2006;4(5):485-489. | Read abstract |

[2005] Kim DH, Lee HJ, Oh YJ, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Jeong TS, Baek NI. Iridoid glycosides isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa inhibit LDL-oxidation. Arch Pharm Res 2005;28(10):1156-1160. | Read abstract |

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